Software engineering blog by Ajit Singh covering system design, distributed systems, databases, AI, and DevOps. In-depth guides, tutorials, and tools for software engineers. https://singhajit.com/ Claude Opus 4.7 retakes the coding lead, OpenAI Codex desktop gets Computer Use, Microsoft patches an actively exploited SharePoint zero-day, and Snap cuts 1,000 jobs citing AI. - The big AI labs spent the week trying to outdo each other again. Anthropic shipped Claude Opus 4.7 and took back the top spot on most coding benchmarks. OpenAI gave its Codex desktop app the ability to control your computer and ride a built-in browser. Microsoft pushed one of its... Sun, 19 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/apr-13-19/claude-opus-47-codex-computer-use-patch-tuesday-snap-layoffs-cursor-31/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/apr-13-19/claude-opus-47-codex-computer-use-patch-tuesday-snap-layoffs-cursor-31/ The HLC pattern that combines wall clock time with a logical counter to give you causal ordering and human readable timestamps - Picture a globally distributed database with three nodes. One in New York. One in London. One in Tokyo. A transaction starts in New York at 12:00:00.500. It writes a row, then sends a message to Tokyo to write a related row. The Tokyo node receives the message at 12:00:00.498 according... Sat, 18 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/hybrid-clock/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/hybrid-clock/ The log cleanup pattern that keeps your WAL from eating all your disk space - Your Kafka cluster has been running in production for six months. Everything looks fine until one morning, an alert fires: disk usage at 95%. You check the broker and find terabytes of old log segments sitting there. Messages from months ago that no consumer will ever read again. But the... Wed, 15 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/low-watermark/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/low-watermark/ The commit index pattern that prevents your cluster from serving stale or inconsistent data - You have a three-node Kafka cluster. A producer writes a message to partition 0. The leader appends it to its log. One follower grabs it. The other follower is still catching up. Now a consumer sends a fetch request. Should it see that message? If you say yes, you have... Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/high-watermark/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/high-watermark/ Anthropic launches Project Glasswing with Claude Mythos, a model that found thousands of zero-day vulnerabilities missed by decades of human review. Intel signs on as foundry partner for Elon Musk's $25 billion Terafab AI chip factory. GitHub Copilot CLI adds Rubber Duck cross-model review. Chrome 147 ships vertical tabs. VS Code 1.115 introduces the Agents app. Anthropic revenue hits $30 billion run rate. AWS launches S3 Files. Dependabot alerts can now be assigned to AI agents. Docker authorization bypass affects 92% of enterprise deployments. Fortinet FortiClientEMS zero-day under active exploitation. Red Hat shuts down China engineering and lays off hundreds. Pendo cuts 10%. Oracle upgrades AI Database. NeuBird AI raises $19.3M. Bolt lays off 30% of staff. - Anthropic dropped the biggest story of the week by announcing Claude Mythos, a frontier model that found thousands of zero-day vulnerabilities across every major operating system and web browser. Some of these bugs had survived 27 years of human review. Instead of releasing the model publicly, Anthropic restricted access through... Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/apr-6-12/anthropic-mythos-glasswing-intel-terafab-copilot-rubber-duck-chrome-vertical-tabs/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/apr-6-12/anthropic-mythos-glasswing-intel-terafab-copilot-rubber-duck-chrome-vertical-tabs/ Architecture, performance, trade-offs, and the decision framework that actually works in production - You are building a new service. It needs to talk to other services and serve data to clients. You open your editor and the first question is not about the business logic. It is about the API layer. REST? GraphQL? gRPC? If you pick REST, you get simplicity and broad... Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/rest-vs-graphql-vs-grpc/ https://singhajit.com/rest-vs-graphql-vs-grpc/ How to publish messages reliably without distributed transactions, with real implementations using polling and CDC - You have an Order Service. A customer places an order. You save it to the database. Then you publish an OrderCreated event to Kafka so that the Notification Service can send a confirmation email and the Inventory Service can reserve stock. The database write succeeds. The Kafka publish fails. Network... Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/transactional-outbox-pattern/ https://singhajit.com/transactional-outbox-pattern/ North Korean hackers hijack axios on npm deploying RAT to millions. Anthropic accidentally leaks 512K lines of Claude Code source via npm. Oracle fires up to 30,000 in its largest restructuring ever. Cursor 3 ships with agent-first interface. Google releases Gemma 4 under Apache 2.0. GitHub Copilot SDK enters public preview. Microsoft open sources Agent Governance Toolkit. Coder raises $90M. Qodo raises $70M. Chrome zero-day patched. Docker Offload goes GA. - This was a rough week for supply chain security. North Korean hackers hijacked axios on npm, pushing out a remote access trojan to one of the most downloaded packages in the JavaScript ecosystem. The same day, Anthropic accidentally leaked the entire Claude Code source code through an npm package, exposing... Sun, 05 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-30-apr-5/axios-supply-chain-claude-code-leak-oracle-layoffs-cursor-3-gemma-4/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-30-apr-5/axios-supply-chain-claude-code-leak-oracle-layoffs-cursor-3-gemma-4/ Architecture, throughput, cost, delivery guarantees, and the real trade-offs developers hit in production - Kafka, RabbitMQ, and Amazon SQS all move messages from one place to another. But they are built on fundamentally different ideas about how messaging should work. Pick the wrong one and you will either overpay, under-deliver, or spend weeks fighting the tool instead of building your product. This guide covers... Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/kafka-vs-rabbitmq-vs-sqs/ https://singhajit.com/kafka-vs-rabbitmq-vs-sqs/ Instrumentation, Collector pipelines, sampling, Kubernetes deployment, and the mistakes that cost teams weeks - You instrumented your services. You see some traces in Jaeger. Then Friday happens. Traffic doubles, the Collector OOMs, half your spans vanish, and nobody notices until Monday because the observability pipeline itself had no monitoring. This is not a made-up story. Most teams hit this wall within the first few... Tue, 31 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/opentelemetry-production-guide/ https://singhajit.com/opentelemetry-production-guide/ TeamPCP supply chain campaign compromises LiteLLM and Telnyx on PyPI. Arm releases its first in-house chip in 35 years. OpenAI adds plugins to Codex. JetBrains launches Central for agentic development. European Commission confirms AWS breach with 350GB stolen. Microsoft and Nvidia partner on AI for nuclear. Google drops TurboQuant for 6x LLM memory savings. VS Code 1.113 ships with AI reasoning controls. Amazon acquires Fauna Robotics. Meta cuts 700 jobs. Claude subscriptions double. - The TeamPCP supply chain campaign kept growing this week. After hitting Trivy earlier in the month, the group compromised LiteLLM and Telnyx on PyPI, stealing credentials from hundreds of thousands of developer systems. On the hardware side, Arm made history by shipping its first in-house chip after 35 years of... Sun, 29 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-23-29/teampcp-supply-chain-arm-agi-cpu-codex-plugins-jetbrains-central/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-23-29/teampcp-supply-chain-arm-agi-cpu-codex-plugins-jetbrains-central/ How MCP works, why it matters, and how to build your first MCP server - Every AI tool you use today is isolated. Claude can write code but cannot read your Jira tickets. ChatGPT can analyze data but cannot pull from your company’s database. Cursor can edit files but needs custom configuration for every new tool you want to plug in. The result? Developers end... Wed, 25 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/model-context-protocol-mcp-explained/ https://singhajit.com/model-context-protocol-mcp-explained/ The complete journey from pressing Enter to pixels on screen, explained for software developers - You type google.com into your browser and press Enter. Less than a second later, the page appears. It feels instant, but in that brief moment, your browser completed a dozen distinct steps involving networks across the globe, cryptographic negotiations, and a rendering pipeline that turns raw text into pixels. Every... Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/what-happens-when-you-type-url-in-browser/ https://singhajit.com/what-happens-when-you-type-url-in-browser/ Nvidia unveils Vera Rubin at GTC 2026. Stripe's Minions agents ship 1,300+ pull requests weekly. Microsoft restructures Copilot leadership. OpenAI signs AWS deal for government AI. Java 26 ships with HTTP/3 and Vector API. Laravel 13 and Next.js 16.2 drop. Trivy compromised again. GlassWorm malware hits 72 Open VSX extensions. - Nvidia dominated this week with GTC 2026. Jensen Huang unveiled the Vera Rubin platform, DLSS 5, and a full stack for enterprise AI agents. Stripe pulled back the curtain on Minions, their autonomous coding agents that ship over 1,300 pull requests per week without a single line of human-written code.... Sun, 22 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-16-22/nvidia-gtc-vera-rubin-stripe-minions-laravel-13-trivy-attack/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-16-22/nvidia-gtc-vera-rubin-stripe-minions-laravel-13-trivy-attack/ Shared locks, exclusive locks, deadlocks, MVCC, and how to stop your transactions from fighting each other - Two users click “Buy” on the last item in stock at the same time. Both transactions read the inventory count as 1. Both decrement it to 0. Both succeed. You just sold an item you do not have. This is not a hypothetical. It happens in production every day. The... Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/database-locks-explained/ https://singhajit.com/database-locks-explained/ The practical guide to mongosh commands, queries, aggregation, and database management you will actually use - I have been using MongoDB across different projects for years. Content management systems, product catalogs, event tracking pipelines, user profile stores. Every time I spin up a new collection, debug a slow query, or help someone get started, I end up looking up the same commands. This cheat sheet is... Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/mongodb-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/mongodb-cheat-sheet/ How to design, orchestrate, and scale systems where multiple AI agents work together - A single AI agent can write code, search the web, and answer questions. But ask it to research a topic, write a blog post, generate images, optimize for SEO, and publish it, all in one shot? It falls apart. The context window overflows. The quality drops. It forgets what it... Thu, 19 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/multi-agent-ai-swarms-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/multi-agent-ai-swarms-system-design/ Stop cascading failures before one bad service takes down everything - It is 2 AM. Your order service starts responding slowly. Within seconds, the payment service backs up because it is waiting on the order service. Then the inventory service stalls because it depends on payments. Then the notification service. Then the API gateway. Within 3 minutes, your entire platform is... Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/circuit-breaker-pattern/ https://singhajit.com/circuit-breaker-pattern/ Anthropic takes the Pentagon to court. Google closes $32B Wiz deal. Atlassian cuts 1,600 jobs. Nvidia drops Nemotron 3 Super. 87% of AI-coded PRs have security flaws. - The Anthropic vs Pentagon situation escalated this week. Anthropic filed two lawsuits challenging its supply chain risk designation, and within hours, more than 30 employees from OpenAI and Google backed the case with an amicus brief. Google completed its $32 billion Wiz acquisition, the biggest deal in Google’s history. Anthropic... Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-9-15/anthropic-sues-pentagon-google-wiz-atlassian-layoffs-nemotron/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-9-15/anthropic-sues-pentagon-google-wiz-atlassian-layoffs-nemotron/ Docker Compose setup, sandboxing, multi-agent config, and the gotchas nobody tells you about - This guide covers everything for developers who want to get OpenClaw running in Docker without the trial-and-error phase: the quick path, the production path, sandboxing, multi-agent configuration, local LLMs, and every gotcha you hit along the way. If you are new to OpenClaw, read How to Run Your Own AI... Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/openclaw-docker-setup/ https://singhajit.com/openclaw-docker-setup/ The architecture behind turning a Mac mini into an always-on AI worker that orchestrates 19 models - The Mac mini is having a moment. Apple stores are reporting weeks-long wait times for higher-memory configurations. The reason is not video editing or music production. It is AI agents. First OpenClaw turned the Mac mini into the go-to hardware for running always-on AI agents, triggering a surge in purchases... Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/perplexity-computer-explained/ https://singhajit.com/perplexity-computer-explained/ Architecture, prompt design, and the hard lessons from building an AI code reviewer that developers actually trust - Your team merges 30 pull requests a day. Each one sits in the review queue for hours because your two senior engineers are the bottleneck. When they finally get to a PR, they spend half their time pointing out the same issues they flagged last week: missing error handling, unchecked... Tue, 10 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/building-code-review-assistant-with-llms/ https://singhajit.com/building-code-review-assistant-with-llms/ Storage backends, sampling strategies, cost at scale, and how to pick the right one for your microservices stack - You have 12 microservices. A user reports their checkout failed. The frontend team says it is not them. The payments team says the order service timed out. The order service team says they never got the request. You go digging through logs. Service A logs show the request went out.... Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-tracing-jaeger-vs-tempo-vs-zipkin/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-tracing-jaeger-vs-tempo-vs-zipkin/ OpenAI ships GPT-5.4 with 1M context and 33% fewer hallucinations. Cursor launches event-driven AI agents. Trump orders US agencies off Anthropic. State, Treasury, and HHS all switch. Oracle plans to cut up to 30,000 jobs to fund AI data centers. Aqua Trivy VS Code extension hijacked in supply chain attack. Developer news Mar 2-8, 2026. - Big week. OpenAI shipped GPT-5.4, their most capable model yet, with a 1 million token context window and 33% fewer hallucinations. Cursor launched Automations, making AI agents event-driven instead of prompt-driven. The US government started dropping Anthropic across agencies following a Trump directive, with State, Treasury, and HHS all switching... Sun, 08 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-2-8/gpt-54-cursor-automations-us-agencies-anthropic-oracle/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/mar-2-8/gpt-54-cursor-automations-us-agencies-anthropic-oracle/ What every developer building with LLMs needs to understand before shipping - You have probably heard of SQL injection. A developer builds a query by concatenating user input, an attacker puts a quote and some SQL in the input field, and suddenly they are reading the entire users table. The fix took decades to get right, and we are still finding it... Sat, 07 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/prompt-injection-explained/ https://singhajit.com/prompt-injection-explained/ What Cowork is, how it works under the hood, and when to use it instead of Claude Code - There is a gap between AI that chats and AI that actually does your work. You can ask Claude to draft a doc or organize files, but you still have to copy, paste, and click. Claude Cowork closes that gap. It is an agent that runs on your machine, reads... Sat, 07 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/claude-cowork-guide/ https://singhajit.com/claude-cowork-guide/ Performance benchmarks, licensing changes, and architecture differences to help you pick the right one - In March 2024, Redis changed its license. After fifteen years under the permissive BSD license, Redis Ltd moved to a dual SSPL and RSALv2 license. The short version: cloud providers can no longer offer Redis as a managed service without a commercial agreement. AWS, Google Cloud, and Oracle responded by... Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/redis-vs-dragonflydb-vs-keydb/ https://singhajit.com/redis-vs-dragonflydb-vs-keydb/ ACID vs eventual consistency, horizontal scaling, cost at scale, and how to avoid picking the wrong one - When you are starting a new project, someone will ask: are we using PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or DynamoDB? It sounds like a simple question. It is not. Each database has a philosophy behind it. PostgreSQL says: structure your data and enforce relationships. MongoDB says: store data the way your application sees... Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/postgresql-vs-mongodb-vs-dynamodb/ https://singhajit.com/postgresql-vs-mongodb-vs-dynamodb/ OpenAI closes $110B round at $840B valuation. Anthropic refuses Pentagon demands on AI safeguards — Claude hits #1 on App Store. Figma integrates OpenAI Codex for design-to-code. Go 1.26 ships with Green Tea GC on by default. Hacker uses Claude to steal 150GB from Mexican government. Developer news Feb 23-Mar 1, 2026. - Big week. OpenAI closed a $110 billion round from Amazon, Nvidia, and SoftBank. Anthropic stood up to the Pentagon and refused to strip out its AI safeguards, risking a $200 million contract. That standoff sent Claude to #1 on the App Store. Figma and OpenAI teamed up to bring Codex... Sun, 01 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-23-mar-1/openai-110b-anthropic-pentagon-figma-codex-go-126/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-23-mar-1/openai-110b-anthropic-pentagon-figma-codex-go-126/ A practical guide to retrieval augmented generation for software developers - Your LLM application can chat. It has memory. But when users ask about your docs, your API, or your internal wiki, the model is guessing. It was not trained on your data. That is where RAG comes in. RAG stands for Retrieval Augmented Generation. You pull relevant pieces of text... Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/building-your-first-rag-application/ https://singhajit.com/building-your-first-rag-application/ A practical guide to building production-ready LLM applications from scratch - You want to build an LLM application. Maybe a chatbot for customer support. Maybe a coding assistant. Maybe something that helps users search through documents. But where do you start? Most tutorials show you how to call an API and get a response. That is not an application. That is... Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/building-your-first-llm-application/ https://singhajit.com/building-your-first-llm-application/ India secures $250 billion in AI investments at New Delhi summit. TypeScript 7 ships native compiler for faster builds. Big Tech cuts buybacks to fund AI infrastructure. New npm worm steals dev secrets. Ireland investigates X's Grok. Developer news Feb 16-22, 2026. - Big week. India hosted its first AI Impact Summit and walked away with $250 billion in investment commitments. TypeScript 7 shipped a native compiler that makes builds way faster. Big Tech companies cut stock buybacks to their lowest since 2019, redirecting billions into AI infrastructure. A nasty npm worm started... Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-16-22/india-ai-summit-typescript-7-npm-worm-grok-investigation/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-16-22/india-ai-summit-typescript-7-npm-worm-grok-investigation/ A 13-hour outage caused by an AI coding tool making autonomous changes to production - here's what happened and what developers need to learn - In December 2025, Amazon Web Services experienced a 13-hour outage that started with an AI bot making a decision. Not a human engineer. An AI coding tool called Kiro decided the best way to fix a problem was to delete and recreate a production environment. It did exactly that, without... Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/aws-outage-kiro-ai-bot/ https://singhajit.com/aws-outage-kiro-ai-bot/ The practical guide to docker commands, Dockerfiles, and docker-compose you will actually use - I have been using Docker for years across different projects. Every time I set up a new service, debug a container issue, or onboard someone to a project, I end up looking up the same commands. This cheat sheet is the result of all those lookups. It covers the Docker... Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/devops/docker-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/devops/docker-cheat-sheet/ Why your perfectly working system crashes when one cache key expires - It is 3 AM. Your phone buzzes. “Database CPU at 100%. All queries timing out.” You check the logs. The database went from handling 500 queries per second to receiving 15,000 queries in the same second. Your cache key for the product catalog expired at midnight. Every server in your... Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/thundering-herd-problem/ https://singhajit.com/thundering-herd-problem/ The practical guide to psql commands, queries, and database management you will actually use - I have been using PostgreSQL for years across different projects and companies. Every time I set up a new database, debug a slow query, or onboard someone to a project, I end up looking up the same commands. This cheat sheet is the result of all those lookups. It covers... Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/postgresql-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/postgresql-cheat-sheet/ The pattern behind Raft, Kafka, and etcd that keeps your cluster nodes consistent - You have three database servers. A client writes balance = 500 to Server 1. Then another client reads from Server 2. What balance does it see? If Server 2 hasn’t received the update yet, it returns stale data. The client sees an old balance. Maybe they overdraw their account. Maybe... Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/replicated-log/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/replicated-log/ Anthropic raises $30B at $380B valuation. Seedance 2.0 goes viral — Disney sends cease-and-desist. Google launches CodeWiki and offers employee exit packages. GPT-5.3 Codex and Gemini 3 Deep Think drop on the same day. Interop 2026 aligns browsers on 20 features. Developer news Feb 9-15, 2026. - Huge week for AI. Anthropic raised $30 billion. OpenAI dropped GPT-5.3-Codex-Spark. Google launched Gemini 3 Deep Think. All on the same day. ByteDance’s Seedance 2.0 went viral and then Disney hit them with a cease-and-desist. Google launched CodeWiki for auto-generated code docs and also started offering voluntary exit packages to... Sun, 15 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-9-15/anthropic-30b-gpt53-codex-gemini-deep-think-interop-2026/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-9-15/anthropic-30b-gpt53-codex-gemini-deep-think-interop-2026/ The technique behind DynamoDB, Cassandra, and every distributed cache that scales - You have 5 cache servers. They are handling 10 million keys nicely. Then one server crashes. With traditional hashing, almost every key now maps to a different server. Your cache hit rate drops to near zero. All 10 million keys effectively need to be re-fetched from the database. Your database... Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/consistent-hashing-explained/ https://singhajit.com/consistent-hashing-explained/ Learn how to deploy code without releasing features using feature flags and toggles - In 2010, Flickr was deploying code to production 10 times a day. Not 10 times a month. Ten times a day. They had dozens of developers pushing changes into a single monolithic PHP application serving millions of users. How did they do it without breaking everything? They wrapped every new... Wed, 11 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/feature-flags-guide/ https://singhajit.com/feature-flags-guide/ The protocol behind Cassandra, Consul, and DynamoDB cluster communication - You have a cluster of 200 servers. One of them just got a new configuration update. How do you tell the rest? The obvious answer: have a central server that broadcasts the update to all 199 others. But what happens when that central server goes down? Or what if your... Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/gossip-dissemination/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/gossip-dissemination/ SpaceX acquires xAI in $1.25 trillion deal. Big Tech announces $600 billion in AI spending, rattling markets. Anthropic buys Super Bowl ads to challenge OpenAI. GitHub opens Agent HQ to Claude and Codex. Docker launches AI Agent. Weekly developer news Feb 2-8, 2026. - Big week. Musk merged SpaceX with xAI in a $1.25 trillion deal. Big Tech announced $600 billion in AI spending and markets got nervous. Anthropic bought Super Bowl ads to go after OpenAI. GitHub opened Agent HQ so you can pick between Claude and Codex. Docker dropped an AI agent.... Sun, 08 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-2-8/spacex-xai-merger-anthropic-super-bowl-github-agent-hq/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/feb-2-8/spacex-xai-merger-anthropic-super-bowl-github-agent-hq/ Pages, B-trees, buffer pools, and what every developer should know - When you run a SQL query, something has to happen between your code and the spinning disk (or SSD) holding your data. Most developers treat this as a black box. The query goes in, data comes out. It works until it does not. Understanding how databases actually store data changes... Fri, 06 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-databases-store-data-internally/ https://singhajit.com/how-databases-store-data-internally/ OpenClaw setup, gateway architecture, and serverless deployment for developers - Everyone wants their own AI assistant. Not one that lives on someone else’s servers, but one that runs on your machine, connects to your apps, and remembers what you tell it. OpenClaw (formerly Moltbot) makes this possible, and Cloudflare’s Moltworker takes it further by letting you run it serverlessly. This... Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/moltworker-self-hosted-ai-agent/ https://singhajit.com/moltworker-self-hosted-ai-agent/ Connect Django to PostgreSQL, run migrations, and get it ready for production - Django ships with SQLite out of the box. When you need real concurrency or are ready to deploy, you switch to DBs like PostgreSQL. This guide walks through creating a Django project from scratch and wiring it to PostgreSQL: project layout, database and user creation, and a detailed look at... Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/django-postgresql-setup-from-zero-to-production/ https://singhajit.com/django-postgresql-setup-from-zero-to-production/ Inside the architecture that encodes 17,000+ titles for 280 million viewers - Netflix streams to 280 million subscribers across 190 countries. Every movie and TV show you watch has been processed by their video pipeline before it reaches your screen. This is not a simple upload. Each title gets encoded into dozens of different quality levels. A single movie might produce over... Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/netflix-video-processing-pipeline/ https://singhajit.com/netflix-video-processing-pipeline/ The practical reference guide to managing containers, pods, and clusters - This cheat sheet is everything I wish I had when I started with Kubernetes. It covers the commands you will actually use, organized by what you are trying to do. No theory dumps. Just practical commands that work. Bookmark this page. You will come back to it. Table of Contents... Mon, 02 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/kubernetes-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/kubernetes-cheat-sheet/ OpenAI launches Prism for scientific research. Amazon cuts thousands of jobs. Google adds auto-browse to Chrome with Gemini. MCP Apps becomes official. OpenAI retires older models. Weekly developer news Jan 26 - Feb 1, 2026. - Big week for AI tooling. OpenAI dropped Prism, a free research workspace for scientists. Amazon announced more corporate layoffs. Google added auto-browse to Chrome with Gemini. MCP Apps went official, bringing interactive UIs to AI conversations. And OpenAI is retiring older models including GPT-4o. Here’s what happened. Top Stories This... Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-26-feb-1/openai-prism-amazon-layoffs-gemini-chrome-mcp-apps/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-26-feb-1/openai-prism-amazon-layoffs-gemini-chrome-mcp-apps/ Practical database scaling lessons from the team behind ChatGPT - OpenAI shared how they scale PostgreSQL to handle 800 million ChatGPT users. This is one of the largest PostgreSQL deployments in the world, and the lessons apply to any team scaling a relational database. Most applications never hit this scale. But the techniques OpenAI uses work at every level. Whether... Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-openai-scales-postgresql/ https://singhajit.com/how-openai-scales-postgresql/ The practical reference guide for building scalable, reliable systems - I spent years reading system design books and articles, watching conference talks, and building actual systems. This cheat sheet is everything I wish I had when I started. It covers the concepts that actually matter when building systems that scale. Use this as a reference when designing systems, preparing for... Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/system-design-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/system-design-cheat-sheet/ How modern apps access your data without seeing your password - You have probably used OAuth 2.0 today without knowing it. Every time you click “Sign in with Google” or connect an app to your GitHub account, OAuth is working behind the scenes. But what actually happens when you click that button? Where does your data go? And why do apps... Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/oauth-2-explained/ https://singhajit.com/oauth-2-explained/ How Google Docs syncs edits from millions of users typing at the same time without losing a single character - Open a Google Doc. Share it with five colleagues. Start typing. Within milliseconds, everyone sees your cursor moving and characters appearing. Five people editing the same paragraph at the same time, and nothing breaks. This is one of the most impressive pieces of engineering on the web. Google Docs serves... Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-google-docs-works/ https://singhajit.com/how-google-docs-works/ How Redis, LevelDB, and modern databases achieve O(log n) search without complex tree balancing - You have a sorted linked list with a million elements. Finding any element takes O(n) time because you have to traverse from the head. That is slow. You could use a balanced tree instead. AVL trees and red-black trees give you O(log n) search. But implementing them correctly is hard.... Wed, 28 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/skip-list/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/skip-list/ Practical lessons from developers who actually use GitHub Copilot, Cursor, and other AI tools daily - Most developers I know use AI coding assistants daily. Copilot, Cursor, Codeium, Tabnine. The tools are everywhere. But there is a huge gap between developers who get real value from these tools and those who find them frustrating. The difference is not the tool. It is how you use it.... Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/ai-coding-assistants-guide/ https://singhajit.com/ai-coding-assistants-guide/ Apple confirms Gemini-powered Siri chatbot for late 2026. ClickHouse reaches $15 billion valuation. Next.js explains Turbopack's speed. Malaysia unblocks Grok AI. Memory chip prices surge. UK court greenlights data center challenge. Weekly developer news Jan 19-25, 2026. - Busy week in tech. Apple confirmed a major Siri overhaul powered by Google’s Gemini. ClickHouse closed a $15 billion funding round. Next.js dropped a technical deep dive into Turbopack. Malaysia unblocked Grok after safety measures were added. Memory chip prices are surging and hitting consumer electronics. And a UK court... Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-19-25/apple-siri-chatbot-clickhouse-turbopack-grok/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-19-25/apple-siri-chatbot-clickhouse-turbopack-grok/ Inside XFaaS: The platform processing trillions of function calls daily across 100,000+ servers - When we think about serverless at scale, most of us picture AWS Lambda or Google Cloud Functions handling a few thousand requests per second. Meta operates at a different level entirely. Their internal platform called XFaaS processes trillions of function calls per day. At peak capacity, that is roughly 11.5... Sat, 24 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/meta-xfaas-serverless-at-scale/ https://singhajit.com/meta-xfaas-serverless-at-scale/ A detailed explanation of X's open source algorithm from the GitHub repository — how the recommendation system works, from candidate sourcing to Grok-based ranking - X (formerly Twitter) did something rare in the tech industry. They made their recommendation algorithm fully open source, publishing the complete production code on GitHub. Not a simplified version. Not a whitepaper. The actual code that decides what 500 million daily active users see in their For You feed. For... Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/system-design/x-twitter-for-you-algorithm/ https://singhajit.com/system-design/x-twitter-for-you-algorithm/ What actually happens inside GPT, Claude, and Llama when you hit enter - Most developers use LLMs every day. We send prompts to ChatGPT, Claude, or Copilot and get back useful responses. But what actually happens in those few seconds between hitting enter and seeing text appear? Understanding how LLMs generate text will make you a better developer. You will write better prompts.... Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-llms-generate-text/ https://singhajit.com/how-llms-generate-text/ Complete guide to graph data structure fundamentals. Learn adjacency list vs adjacency matrix, BFS and DFS in data structure, directed acyclic graphs, and 20+ core graph algorithms with implementations. - Graphs model relationships between entities. Whether you’re building a social network, navigation app, or package manager, graphs are the data structure that connects everything. This guide covers graph data structure fundamentals and core algorithms. Learn how to represent graphs, traverse them, and solve problems using 20+ essential algorithms with complete... Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/graph/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/graph/ Microsoft fixes 114 vulnerabilities including zero-days. Cloudflare acquires Astro. LambdaTest rebrands to TestMu AI. GitHub restructures for AI. OpenAI acquires Torch. Weekly developer news Jan 12-18, 2026. - Second week of 2026 brought serious security patches, major acquisitions, and big platform updates. Microsoft dropped its largest Patch Tuesday ever with 114 vulnerabilities. Cloudflare acquired Astro, showing infrastructure providers want to own the full development stack. LambdaTest rebranded to TestMu AI, signaling a shift toward autonomous testing. GitHub got... Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-12-18/microsoft-patch-tuesday-lambdatest-testmu-github-restructure/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-12-18/microsoft-patch-tuesday-lambdatest-testmu-github-restructure/ How databases and file systems store billions of records and find any one of them in milliseconds - Every time you run a database query, a B-tree is doing the heavy lifting. That SELECT statement that returns in 2 milliseconds from a table with 50 million rows? A B-tree made that possible. B-trees are one of those data structures that every software developer should understand. Not because you... Sun, 18 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/b-tree/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/b-tree/ Count billions of unique items using only 12 KB of memory - You are building an analytics dashboard. You need to show “unique visitors today” for a site with 100 million page views. Storing every visitor ID to count uniques would need gigabytes of memory. But what if you could get that unique count with only 12 KB of memory? And the... Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/hyperloglog/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/hyperloglog/ Track frequencies in streaming data without storing everything - You are processing a stream of 1 billion events. You want to know which events occur most frequently. Storing a counter for every unique event would need gigabytes of memory. But what if you could track frequencies using just a few megabytes? And still identify the top 100 most common... Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/count-min-sketch/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/count-min-sketch/ How databases, browsers, and caches check if something exists without storing everything - You are building a system that needs to check if a username is already taken. You have 100 million users. Storing all usernames in memory would use gigabytes of RAM. But what if you could answer “is this username taken?” using only 120 MB of memory? And the check takes... Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/bloom-filter/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/bloom-filter/ Real benchmarks for 14B and 8B models on RTX 3060 12GB, RTX 4070, RTX 4090, and Apple Silicon with llama.cpp and Ollama - If you have searched for “RTX 3060 14B model inference speed tokens per second llama.cpp” or “Llama 3.1 8B inference speed tokens per second” and found confusing or contradictory results, you are not alone. Some forum posts claim incredible speeds. Others show much lower figures. The numbers vary wildly depending... Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/llm-inference-speed-comparison/ https://singhajit.com/llm-inference-speed-comparison/ How Twitter, Discord, and Instagram generate billions of unique IDs without a central database - Every tweet you post, every Discord message you send, every Instagram photo you upload gets a unique ID. At Twitter’s scale, that’s over 400 million tweets per day. Each needs an ID that’s guaranteed unique across thousands of servers. They can’t just ask a central database “what’s the next number?”... Wed, 14 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/snowflake-id-guide/ https://singhajit.com/snowflake-id-guide/ How to run Llama, Mistral, and other open source models on your own hardware - Something changed in the past year. Open source models caught up. Quantization got better. The gap between “cloud only” and “runs on my laptop” disappeared for most use cases. If you have not tried running LLMs locally recently, you should. Your data stays on your machine. No API limits. No... Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/running-llms-locally/ https://singhajit.com/running-llms-locally/ Everything you need to know about indexes, from B-trees to query optimization - Your application is slow. Users are complaining. You run a query and it takes 8 seconds. The table has 10 million rows, and your WHERE clause is filtering on a column with no index. You add an index. The same query now takes 15 milliseconds. That is the power of... Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/database-indexing-explained/ https://singhajit.com/database-indexing-explained/ Google's new open standard for AI-driven shopping and how to integrate it - Last week, Google announced Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) at the NRF 2026 conference. Shopify, Etsy, Wayfair, Target, and Walmart are all on board. If you build ecommerce applications or work with AI agents, this matters. Here is what UCP actually is, why it exists, and how to integrate it into... Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/universal-commerce-protocol-explained/ https://singhajit.com/universal-commerce-protocol-explained/ VS Code extensions stealing developer credentials. C# crowned TIOBE Language of the Year. Postman acquires Fern for API docs. Developer salaries hit $235K as shortage worsens 40%. Red Hat and Nvidia partner on enterprise AI. - First full week of 2026, and things moved fast. Postman acquired Fern to beef up their API documentation game. A nasty malware campaign called GlassWorm is targeting macOS developers through VS Code extensions. C# was crowned TIOBE’s Programming Language of the Year for 2025. The developer shortage got worse -... Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-5-11/postman-fern-glassworm-csharp-tiobe-vibe-coding/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2026/jan-5-11/postman-fern-glassworm-csharp-tiobe-vibe-coding/ The complete gitconfig options reference — set up Git once and never think about it again - Every Git repository on your machine reads from the same configuration. Set it up once and you never have to think about it again. This guide covers every git config setting that matters, from basic identity to advanced performance tuning. You will learn how to set git config values, edit... Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/git-config-guide/ https://singhajit.com/git-config-guide/ The practical guide to Git commands you will actually use at work - I keep a text file on my desktop with Git commands I use daily. Every time I forget something, I add it to the list. This post is that list, organized properly. This is not a complete reference. It is the commands you will actually use at work, with examples... Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/git-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/git-cheat-sheet/ A practical guide to agent architecture, tool calling, and the patterns that matter - Everyone is building AI agents now. Cursor uses them to write code. Perplexity uses them to search the web. Customer support platforms use them to handle tickets. Even your email might soon have an agent triaging messages for you. But most tutorials make agents seem more magical than they are.... Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/building-ai-agents/ https://singhajit.com/building-ai-agents/ What every developer needs to know about feeding AI the right information - You have probably heard of prompt engineering. Write better prompts, get better results. That advice worked when we were using ChatGPT for simple tasks. But if you are building real AI applications, prompt engineering is just the tip of the iceberg. For a complete guide on building LLM applications from... Fri, 09 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/context-engineering/ https://singhajit.com/context-engineering/ 23 battle tested solutions that every developer should know - In 1994, four software engineers published a book that changed how developers think about code. Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides documented 23 design patterns that kept appearing in well designed software. The book became a classic. The authors became known as the Gang of Four. Three... Thu, 08 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/gang-of-four-design-patterns/ https://singhajit.com/gang-of-four-design-patterns/ From Nvidia's $5T valuation to AI coding tools everywhere, Python breaking free of the GIL, Windows 10's death, and the acquisitions that changed the game - What a year. 2025 was the year AI stopped being hype and became the way most of us work. Nvidia became the first company worth $5 trillion. Python finally broke free of the GIL. Windows 10 died. OpenAI prepared for a trillion-dollar IPO. And the race to own developer tools... Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2025-year-in-review/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2025-year-in-review/ The voting pattern that keeps your distributed data consistent and your servers from fighting - You have five servers running your e-commerce database. Orders are flowing in. A customer places an order at 10:15:03 AM. Server 1 records it. Servers 2 and 3 get the update. But servers 4 and 5? They were busy handling other requests and haven’t received the update yet. Now the... Sat, 03 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/majority-quorum/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/majority-quorum/ Master the command line with these practical Linux commands every developer should know - You SSH into a production server at 2 AM because something is broken. The monitoring dashboard is useless. All you have is a terminal prompt blinking at you. This is where knowing Linux commands separates developers who can debug issues from those who cannot. I have been using Linux for... Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/ Stop guessing at regular expressions and start writing them with confidence - I used to copy regex patterns from Stack Overflow without understanding them. Then one day I needed to modify a pattern slightly, and I had no idea what any of it meant. This cheat sheet is what I wish I had back then. Real patterns, clear explanations, and examples you... Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/regex-cheat-sheet/ https://singhajit.com/regex-cheat-sheet/ SoftBank finalizing massive OpenAI investment. Disney licenses characters for Sora. TikTok US joint venture moves forward. NIST invests $20M in AI research centers. OpenAI launches 'Your Year with ChatGPT.' Year-end developer stats are in. - Holiday week, but the news didn’t stop. SoftBank is closing a $22.5 billion investment in OpenAI. Disney licensed its characters for OpenAI’s Sora video generator. The TikTok US situation got more interesting. And OpenAI launched its own version of Spotify Wrapped. Plus year-end stats are in - AI repos on... Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2025/dec-22-28/softbank-openai-disney-sora-tiktok/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly/2025/dec-22-28/softbank-openai-disney-sora-tiktok/ The complete guide to cache patterns that every backend developer should know - Caching is not optional. If you are building any application that needs to scale, you will deal with caching. But here is the thing: most developers throw Redis at the problem without thinking about which caching strategy fits their use case. The result? Cache inconsistencies, stale data bugs, or systems... Wed, 24 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/caching-strategies-explained/ https://singhajit.com/caching-strategies-explained/ Separate your reads from writes and stop fighting with your database - Your analytics dashboard is crawling. Users are complaining that the checkout page takes forever. You look at the database and realize the same tables serving real time reports are also handling order transactions. Every complex query for the dashboard locks rows that the checkout process needs. This is the problem... Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/cqrs-pattern-guide/ https://singhajit.com/cqrs-pattern-guide/ The library that brings HTML back to life and makes you question everything you thought you knew about frontend development - For years, the default assumption was that building modern web applications required React, Vue, or Angular. That frontend development meant writing JavaScript, managing state, and shipping large bundles to the browser. HTMX offers a different path. One that makes you wonder if all that complexity was necessary in the first... Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/htmx-guide-modern-web-development/ https://singhajit.com/htmx-guide-modern-web-development/ Cursor buys Graphite. Coursera and Udemy merge in $2.5B deal. Privacy extensions caught selling 8M users' AI conversations. GitHub walks back self-hosted runner fees. Let's Encrypt shortens cert lifetimes. US launches Genesis Mission. - Cursor bought Graphite. Coursera and Udemy announced a $2.5 billion merger. Privacy extensions were caught selling 8 million users’ AI conversations. GitHub reversed its plan to charge for self-hosted runners. Let’s Encrypt announced shorter certificate lifetimes. The US government launched the biggest AI project since the Manhattan Project. Packed week.... Sun, 21 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-cursor-graphite-coursera-udemy-dec-15-21/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-cursor-graphite-coursera-udemy-dec-15-21/ Inside Google Spanner, the database that broke the rules of distributed systems - Everyone knows the rule: you can’t have both strong consistency and global scale in a database. Pick one. Google looked at that rule and said, “We’ll take both.” The result is Spanner. A globally distributed SQL database that powers Google Ads, serving 4.8 billion users. Thats 90% of all internet... Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-google-ads-scales-with-spanner/ https://singhajit.com/how-google-ads-scales-with-spanner/ How message queues help build scalable, resilient systems that don't fall apart under pressure - Your checkout page just went viral on Twitter. Orders are flooding in. The payment service is getting hammered. Database connections are maxing out. Your monitoring dashboard is screaming red. This is the moment when most systems break. But well designed systems? They stay calm. They use queues. Message queues are... Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/role-of-queues-in-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/role-of-queues-in-system-design/ IBM acquires Confluent. Linux Foundation brings together Anthropic, OpenAI, and Block for AI agents. Security researchers find 30+ vulnerabilities in AI coding tools. Infragistics open sources 50+ UI components. Azul acquires Payara. - IBM is buying Confluent for $11 billion. The Linux Foundation brought together Anthropic, OpenAI, and Block to form a new AI foundation. Security researchers found 30+ vulnerabilities in AI coding extensions. Infragistics open sourced 50+ UI components. The AI agent ecosystem is getting serious infrastructure. Top Stories This Week IBM... Sun, 14 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-ibm-confluent-agentic-ai-foundation-dec-8-14/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-ibm-confluent-agentic-ai-foundation-dec-8-14/ Inside the distributed storage system that powers Netflix, Airbnb, and most of the internet - Every second, millions of files land in Amazon S3. Photos, database backups, ML models, application logs. By the time you finish this paragraph, S3 handled another million requests. And it barely noticed. Netflix streams from it. Airbnb stores photos on it. Slack backs up messages to it. Your favorite apps... Wed, 10 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-amazon-s3-works/ https://singhajit.com/how-amazon-s3-works/ Anthropic buys Bun as Claude Code hits $1B. Cloudflare's second outage in 17 days. Critical React Server Components CVE. Cursor valued at $2.3B. OpenAI-Accenture $3B deal. AWS and Google team up. - Anthropic bought Bun. Cloudflare went down again. A critical React vulnerability got disclosed. Cursor hit a $2.3B valuation. OpenAI and Accenture announced a $3B deal. AWS and Google are working together. Busy week. Top Stories This Week Anthropic Acquires Bun as Claude Code Hits $1 Billion Revenue - On December... Sun, 07 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-anthropic-bun-cloudflare-react-cve-dec-1-7/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-anthropic-bun-cloudflare-react-cve-dec-1-7/ How databases across servers agree to commit or rollback without losing data - Two-Phase Commit (2PC) is one of the oldest and most fundamental protocols in distributed systems. But why do we need it? You’re building an e-commerce system. A customer places an order. Three things need to happen: Deduct $100 from the customer’s wallet (Payment Service) Reserve 1 item from inventory (Inventory... Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/two-phase-commit/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/two-phase-commit/ A 25-minute disruption affected 28% of HTTP traffic globally triggered by a security fix and exposed by a killswitch that had never been tested on 'execute' actions - On December 5, 2025, Cloudflare experienced another global outage, just 17 days after the November 18 incident. This time, approximately 28% of all HTTP traffic served by Cloudflare was affected for 25 minutes. The root cause was a Lua nil value exception that had been hiding in their codebase for... Sat, 06 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/cloudflare-outage-december-2025/ https://singhajit.com/cloudflare-outage-december-2025/ Why microservices might be overkill and how to build systems that actually scale - Microservices aren’t always the answer. For most teams, they bring network latency, distributed debugging nightmares, and operational overhead that outweighs the benefits. But a tangled monolith where everything depends on everything isn’t great either. There’s a middle ground: the modular monolith. Clear boundaries and team autonomy without the distributed systems... Thu, 04 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/modular-monolith-architecture/ https://singhajit.com/modular-monolith-architecture/ The overlooked middle ground between polling and WebSockets - You need to push live updates from server to client. Stock prices. Notifications. Live scores. Log streams. WebSockets feel like overkill. You don’t need bidirectional communication. The client just needs to listen. Long Polling works but feels like a hack. There’s a connection per update cycle, timeouts to manage, reconnection... Wed, 03 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/server-sent-events-explained/ https://singhajit.com/server-sent-events-explained/ The battle-tested technique that powers notifications when persistent connections fail - You’re building a notification system. Users need to see new alerts the moment they arrive. The obvious solution? WebSockets. But your load balancer doesn’t support them. Your corporate firewall blocks them. Your client’s browser is ancient. What do you do? You reach for Long Polling. It’s not glamorous. It’s not... Tue, 02 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/long-polling-explained/ https://singhajit.com/long-polling-explained/ The engineering behind real-time stock prices that move faster than you can blink - Open any stock trading app. Tap on a stock. Watch the price flicker green, then red, then green again. That number just changed 3 times in one second. Behind that flickering number is one of the most demanding real-time systems in software engineering. Stock brokers handle millions of price updates... Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-stock-brokers-handle-real-time-price-updates/ https://singhajit.com/how-stock-brokers-handle-real-time-price-updates/ AWS operates 900+ data centers globally. Microsoft ships GPT-5 Chat in Copilot Studio. Meta in talks to buy Google's TPU chips. Canon hit by Oracle ransomware. Alibaba's AI app hits 10M downloads. White House launches Genesis Mission for AI. - AWS revealed it operates over 900 data centers across 50+ countries. Microsoft made GPT-5 generally available through Copilot Studio. Meta is negotiating to buy Google’s TPU chips. A Canon subsidiary got hit by ransomware exploiting Oracle’s zero-day vulnerability. Alibaba’s AI app hit 10 million downloads in a week. And the... Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-aws-data-centers-gpt5-copilot-nov-24-30/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-aws-data-centers-gpt5-copilot-nov-24-30/ Cloudflare takes down ChatGPT and X for 6 hours. Jeff Bezos launches Project Prometheus with $6.2B funding. X rolls out encrypted DMs. AMD targets Nvidia's AI dominance. Google drops AI-powered IDE. - Cloudflare’s 6-hour outage took down ChatGPT, X, and millions of sites. Jeff Bezos came out of retirement to launch an AI startup with $6.2 billion in funding. X rolled out encrypted DMs. AMD is challenging Nvidia’s AI dominance. And Google dropped an AI IDE that codes for you. Wild week.... Sun, 23 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-cloudflare-outage-google-antigravity-nov-17-23/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-cloudflare-outage-google-antigravity-nov-17-23/ Why Docker uses YAML, Rust picks TOML, and Akka chose HOCON over JSON - Docker uses YAML. Rust uses TOML. REST APIs use JSON. Akka uses HOCON. Each format solves different problems. Here’s the same configuration in all four formats to see the differences: JSON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19... Fri, 21 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/configuration-file-formats-comparison/ https://singhajit.com/configuration-file-formats-comparison/ A 6-hour disruption took down ChatGPT, X, Spotify, Dropbox, and millions of sites worldwide - here's the technical breakdown and lessons for developers - On November 18, 2025, Cloudflare experienced a global outage that took down ChatGPT, X (formerly Twitter), Spotify, Dropbox, Coinbase, and millions of websites. A seemingly simple database permission change cascaded into a 6-hour nightmare. Here’s the technical breakdown and what developers need to learn. Timeline: 6 Hours of Global Disruption... Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/cloudflare-outage-november-2025/ https://singhajit.com/cloudflare-outage-november-2025/ Microsoft invests $10 billion in Portugal AI infrastructure, .NET 10 LTS drops with major performance gains, TypeScript becomes GitHub's most-used language, and React Native security flaw hits 2 million projects - Microsoft just committed $10 billion to build an AI megahub in Portugal. .NET 10 LTS is here with serious performance boosts. TypeScript officially became GitHub’s most-used language, beating Python and JavaScript. And there’s a critical React Native vulnerability you need to patch right now. Here’s what went down this week.... Sun, 16 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-microsoft-portugal-dotnet10-typescript-nov-10-16/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-microsoft-portugal-dotnet10-typescript-nov-10-16/ The simple signal that prevents your servers from becoming digital zombies - It’s 2 AM. Your database cluster is running smoothly. Then, one server freezes. Not a clean crash. Not a network disconnect. Just frozen. Still listening on the network, still responding to pings, but completely unable to process requests. Your users start seeing timeouts. Requests pile up. Other servers keep routing... Sat, 15 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/heartbeat/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/heartbeat/ How a simple format change can reduce LLM API costs by 40-50% - Companies using GPT for product recommendations are seeing monthly API bills reach $15,000-$20,000. Most of this cost comes from sending the same field names thousands of times in JSON arrays. A simple format change can cut these costs by 40-50%. TOON (Token-Oriented Object Notation) is a data format designed for... Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/toon-vs-json-token-efficient-format/ https://singhajit.com/toon-vs-json-token-efficient-format/ Microsoft drops $9.7 billion on AI infrastructure, Samsung and Nvidia team up for 50,000 GPU megafactory, Deepnote goes open source, and AI security concerns grow - Microsoft just dropped $9.7 billion on AI infrastructure in Australia. Samsung and Nvidia are building a megafactory with 50,000 GPUs. Deepnote went open source on November 4. And the industry is starting to worry about AI-generated code security. Here’s what happened this week. Top Stories This Week Microsoft Signs $9.7... Sun, 09 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-microsoft-ai-samsung-nvidia-deepnote-nov-3-9/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-microsoft-ai-samsung-nvidia-deepnote-nov-3-9/ How to protect your API without blocking legitimate users - It’s 3 AM. Your phone buzzes. “API is down.” You check the logs and see it: someone is hammering your endpoint with 50,000 requests per second. Your database is screaming, response times are through the roof, and legitimate users can’t access your service. You need a rate limiter. But not... Wed, 05 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dynamic-rate-limiter-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/dynamic-rate-limiter-system-design/ Nvidia reaches $5 trillion valuation, OpenAI prepares for trillion-dollar IPO and launches Aardvark security agent, Anthropic expands to Seoul - Nvidia just became the first company to hit $5 trillion in market value. OpenAI is gearing up for what could be a trillion-dollar IPO and launched Aardvark, an AI security agent. Amazon cut up to 30,000 jobs to focus on AI. Anthropic is expanding globally with a new Seoul office... Sun, 02 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-5t-openai-ipo-aardvark-anthropic-oct-27-nov-2/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-5t-openai-ipo-aardvark-anthropic-oct-27-nov-2/ Separate algorithms from the objects they operate on - You’re building a compiler. The AST has dozens of node types: IfStatement, ForLoop, Assignment, FunctionCall. You need to add operations: type checking, code generation, optimization, pretty printing. Adding methods to each node class for each operation is chaos. Visitor keeps operations separate from the structure. What is the Visitor Pattern?... Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/visitor/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/visitor/ Major AWS US-EAST-1 outage disrupts internet services, Anthropic partners with Google Cloud for 1M TPUs, OpenAI launches ChatGPT Atlas browser, Google quantum breakthrough - This week started with a bang - AWS went down and took half the internet with it. Then Anthropic dropped a $10 billion+ deal with Google Cloud, OpenAI launched an actual web browser, and Google made a quantum computing breakthrough. Meanwhile, the dev tools space got a flood of new... Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-aws-outage-anthropic-google-chatgpt-atlas-quantum/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-aws-outage-anthropic-google-chatgpt-atlas-quantum/ Inside the architecture that handles Black Friday at massive scale - You launch a small t-shirt store on Shopify at 9 AM. By noon, you’ve made 50 sales. By evening, your store has processed 500 orders without you touching a single server. Tomorrow, your traffic spikes 10x because someone tweeted about your product. The store doesn’t even hiccup. That’s Shopify. But... Fri, 24 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/shopify-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/shopify-system-design/ How HTTP/3 and QUIC are changing real-time communication on the web - You’re building a multiplayer game. Players are chatting, shooting, moving around. Your WebSocket connection works fine until one packet gets lost. Then everything stops. The chat freezes. Player positions freeze. Even though those packets arrived successfully, they’re stuck waiting. Why? Because one lost packet is blocking everything behind it. This... Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-webtransport-works/ https://singhajit.com/how-webtransport-works/ DNS resolution, caching layers, record types, performance optimization, and debugging tools every developer should know - On July 22, 2021, Akamai’s DNS service went down for about an hour. Dozens of major websites, including banks, airlines, and gaming platforms, became unreachable. The servers were fine. The applications were running. But nobody could find them, because DNS stopped translating names to addresses. DNS is the first thing... Tue, 21 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-dns-works-complete-guide/ https://singhajit.com/how-dns-works-complete-guide/ A 12-hour disruption in AWS's largest region affected Netflix, Snapchat, Robinhood, and millions of users worldwide - here's what went wrong and what developers can learn - On October 20, 2025, Amazon Web Services experienced one of its most significant outages in recent years. A network load balancer bug in the US-East-1 region brought down Netflix, Snapchat, Reddit, Robinhood, Fortnite, and countless other services for 12 hours. Here’s what happened and what developers need to learn. Timeline:... Tue, 21 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/aws-us-east-outage-october-2025/ https://singhajit.com/aws-us-east-outage-october-2025/ OpenAI partners with AMD for 6GW of GPUs challenging NVIDIA, launches app ecosystem at $500B valuation, and UK faces developer shortage - This week felt like a turning point. OpenAI made two massive moves - a play to become the next App Store and a GPU deal with AMD that challenges NVIDIA’s monopoly. Meanwhile, SoftBank dropped $5.4 billion on robotics, and a new study revealed the UK developer workforce is aging with... Sun, 19 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-openai-amd-deal-app-store-developer-talent-crisis/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-openai-amd-deal-app-store-developer-talent-crisis/ Build grammars and interpret expressions for custom languages - You’re building a rules engine. Business users need to define conditions: “if customer.age > 18 AND customer.country IN [‘US’, ‘UK’]”. You need to parse these rules and evaluate them against data. Interpreter builds a language for these expressions. What is the Interpreter Pattern? Interpreter defines a grammar as classes. Each... Sat, 18 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/interpreter/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/interpreter/ Async I/O that's 3x faster, skip scans that actually work, and OAuth built-in - here's what this release means for your production systems - Last month, Postgres shipped version 18, and it’s packed with features that actually matter. While databases don’t get the same attention as shiny new programming languages, this release has changes that will make your applications faster, your upgrades smoother, and your code cleaner. From async I/O that delivers 3x performance... Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/postgres-18-features/ https://singhajit.com/postgres-18-features/ Simplified syntax, faster performance, and memory savings - here's what 3 years of Java evolution brings to your codebase - September 2025. After three years of waiting, Java finally released its next Long-Term Support (LTS) version. The last one was Java 21 in September 2023. If you’ve been holding off on upgrading, this is the release you’ve been waiting for. From simplified syntax that makes “Hello World” actually simple to... Wed, 15 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/java-25-lts-features/ https://singhajit.com/java-25-lts-features/ Inside the architecture that powers BookMyShow, Ticketmaster, and what happened during the Taylor Swift meltdown - November 2022, 14 million Taylor Swift fans logged into Ticketmaster at the exact same time. The goal? Grab one of 2 million tickets for the Eras Tour. Within minutes, the entire system collapsed. Fans saw spinning wheels, error messages, and phantom seats that disappeared the moment they clicked “Buy”. The... Mon, 13 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/ticket-booking-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/ticket-booking-system-design/ Microsoft kills Windows 10, OpenAI's Sora 2 launches amid controversy, Nobel Prize honors quantum pioneers, Ubuntu replaces sudo with Rust - This week was wild. Microsoft announced the death of Windows 10, OpenAI dropped a controversial video generator and signed a massive GPU deal with AMD, the Nobel Prize honored quantum computing pioneers, and 400 million PCs are about to become e-waste. Here’s what happened this week in tech. 🔥 Top... Sun, 12 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-windows-10-dies-sora-2-deepfakes-nobel-quantum/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-windows-10-dies-sora-2-deepfakes-nobel-quantum/ Why your O(1) lookup just became O(n), and what you can do about it - December 28th, 2011. Web servers across the internet started crashing. PHP, Java, Python, Ruby applications all fell like dominos. The culprit? A few carefully crafted HTTP POST requests with specific parameter names. The attackers had found something interesting: they could send data that would hash to the same value repeatedly.... Mon, 06 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/data-structures/hashtable-collisions/ https://singhajit.com/data-structures/hashtable-collisions/ California enforces AI hiring law, Anthropic launches Claude developer tools, GitHub brings AI to terminal, and EA sells for $55 billion - The first week of October brought some real shake-ups to the tech world. From California becoming the first state to actually enforce AI hiring rules to the biggest leveraged buyout in history, here’s what happened while you were coding. 🔥 Top Stories This Week California Actually Regulates AI in Hiring... Sun, 05 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-california-ai-law-claude-developer-tools-ea-acquisition/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-california-ai-law-claude-developer-tools-ea-acquisition/ Save snapshots for undo, checkpoints, and rollback - You’re building a graphics editor. Users draw, move, resize objects. They expect to undo any action. Some operations are complex. Some modify multiple objects. How do you restore the previous state? Memento captures snapshots that can be restored later. What is the Memento Pattern? Memento saves an object’s state without... Sat, 04 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/memento/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/memento/ How stateless tokens solved the scaling problem that broke every session-based system - Your app just hit production. 10,000 users are logged in. Your server stores session data for each one in memory. Traffic doubles. Then triples. The server runs out of memory. Users get logged out randomly. You add more servers, but now sessions don’t sync across them. This was the authentication... Thu, 02 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-jwt-works/ https://singhajit.com/how-jwt-works/ Inside LinkedIn's log that changed how we think about messaging systems - Your company just launched a new feature. Within seconds, millions of events start flooding in: user clicks, purchases, page views, API calls. Traditional databases are choking. Message queues are dropping data. Your monitoring dashboard shows error rates climbing. This is the exact moment LinkedIn faced in 2010. They were processing... Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/how-kafka-works/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/how-kafka-works/ How Google's container orchestrator became the backbone of modern software deployment - Six months ago, you had one web app on one server. Today, you have 50 microservices that need to scale independently, find each other, and handle failures gracefully. Your deployment process went from “upload via FTP” to “run this 200 line script and pray.” This is exactly why Kubernetes exists.... Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/devops/kubernetes-architecture/ https://singhajit.com/devops/kubernetes-architecture/ Nvidia's $100B AI bet, H-1B visa chaos, Anthropic copyright battle, and PostgreSQL 18's major upgrade - The fourth week of September brought some of the biggest tech industry shakeups of the year. From Nvidia’s historic AI investment to immigration policy changes that have developers reconsidering their career plans, here’s what dominated the conversation. 🔥 Top Stories This Week Nvidia Bets $100 Billion on AI’s Future -... Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-100b-h1b-visa-anthropic-copyright-postgresql-18/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-100b-h1b-visa-anthropic-copyright-postgresql-18/ Inside the architecture that keeps 3 billion users in sync - When you like a friend’s photo on Facebook, that like appears instantly across all their devices, to all their friends, and in all the places that photo appears on the platform. Behind this simple action lies one of the most sophisticated distributed cache consistency systems ever built. Meta serves 3+... Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/meta-cache-consistency/ https://singhajit.com/meta-cache-consistency/ Meta demo failures, Java 25 LTS release, and the ongoing NPM supply chain attack - The third week of September 2025 delivered some of the biggest developer news stories of the year. From embarrassing live demo failures at major conferences to significant security incidents and exciting product launches, here’s everything that happened in the developer world this week. 🔥 Top Stories This Week Meta’s Epic... Sun, 21 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-meta-connect-fails-java-25-lts-npm-attack/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-meta-connect-fails-java-25-lts-npm-attack/ Reduce memory by sharing common data between similar objects - You’re building a text editor. A document has a million characters. Each character has a font, size, color, and position. Storing all that for every character would use gigabytes of memory. Most characters share the same formatting. Flyweight lets you share that common state. What is the Flyweight Pattern? Flyweight... Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/flyweight/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/flyweight/ Inside the architecture that powers real-time communication for millions - You send a message in Slack, and within milliseconds, it appears on your colleague’s screen across the globe. Behind this simple action lies one of the most sophisticated real-time messaging systems ever built. Slack processes over 10 billion messages annually, serves 20+ million daily active users, and maintains 99.99% uptime.... Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/slack-system-design/ https://singhajit.com/slack-system-design/ How a simple voting algorithm keeps distributed systems in agreement - Imagine you’re running a bank with branches in New York, London, and Tokyo. A customer has $1500 in their account. At the exact same moment, they walk into the New York branch asking to withdraw $1000, try to withdraw $1000 through the London ATM, and attempt another $1000 withdrawal via... Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/paxos/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/paxos/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from September 8-14, 2025 - This week brought some serious wake-up calls for the developer community. From the biggest supply chain attack in NPM history to AI services going dark, here’s what had everyone talking: 🚨 NPM supply chain attack hits popular packages, attackers make less than $1,000 - 🌐 Hackers compromised popular NPM packages... Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-npm-attack-anthropic-outage-vmware-exodus/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-npm-attack-anthropic-outage-vmware-exodus/ How a simple log file prevents your data from disappearing into the void - Picture this: You’re transferring $500 to your friend through a banking app. You hit “Send,” and your phone immediately dies. When you turn it back on, you check your account—the money is gone from your balance, but your friend never received it. That’s a nightmare scenario, right? In the world... Wed, 10 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/write-ahead-log/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-systems/write-ahead-log/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from September 1-7, 2025 - This week delivered some massive news including a major blockchain launch, regulatory fines, nostalgic open source releases, and a gaming event that crashed multiple platforms. Here’s what every developer needs to know: 💰 Stripe launches Tempo payments blockchain - 🌐 Stripe unveiled their own EVM-compatible blockchain built for stablecoins and... Sun, 07 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-stripe-tempo-blockchain-google-fine-microsoft-basic/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-stripe-tempo-blockchain-google-fine-microsoft-basic/ Copy existing objects without depending on their classes - You’re building a game. Each level needs thousands of similar enemies: same stats, same abilities, minor variations. Creating each from scratch is slow. Configuration is complex. What if you could just copy a template enemy and tweak it? What is the Prototype Pattern? Prototype creates new objects by cloning an... Sat, 06 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/prototype/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/prototype/ From simple incrementers to battle-tested architectures that handle millions of operations - You’ve probably implemented counters dozens of times. A simple count++ here, a database increment there. But what happens when your humble counter needs to handle millions of increments per second across multiple data centers? Welcome to the fascinating world of distributed counters. Whether you’re building the next social media platform,... Wed, 03 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/distributed-counter-architecture-guide/ https://singhajit.com/distributed-counter-architecture-guide/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from August 25-31, 2025" - This week brought critical security news and major AI industry developments that every developer needs to know: 🚨 CRITICAL: Nx Build Tool Supply Chain Attack The biggest security story this week: Malicious packages infiltrated the popular Nx build system ecosystem, affecting thousands of JavaScript/TypeScript projects worldwide. What Happened: Attackers published... Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-mystery-customers-meta-scale-ai-nx-security-incident/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-nvidia-mystery-customers-meta-scale-ai-nx-security-incident/ The engineering patterns behind Stripe's payment reliability and how to implement them in your systems - You are testing your payment integration. You send a charge request with tok_visa, your test token. The request times out. You are not sure if it went through. You send it again. Now your test account shows two charges. This is the duplicate payment problem. It happens in production too,... Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-stripe-prevents-double-payment/ https://singhajit.com/how-stripe-prevents-double-payment/ Turn your repository into an automated testing and deployment machine that catches bugs before they reach users - Think of GitHub Actions as your digital assistant that never sleeps. Every time something happens in your repository - like pushing code or creating a pull request - Actions can automatically run tasks for you. Here’s what makes it powerful: Built into GitHub - No external tools to set up... Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/github-actions-basics-cicd-automation/ https://singhajit.com/github-actions-basics-cicd-automation/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from August 18-24, 2025 - This week delivered some jaw-dropping stories that had developers debating everything from AI adoption policies to the future of chip manufacturing. From a CEO’s controversial firing decisions to government bailouts, here’s what dominated our feeds: 🔥 Coinbase CEO fires engineers for not using AI - 🌐 Brian Armstrong made waves... Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-coinbase-fires-ai-github-agents-intel-bailout/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-coinbase-fires-ai-github-agents-intel-bailout/ Picture this: it’s Black Friday, millions of shoppers worldwide are frantically clicking “Add to Cart” on their favorite websites, and somewhere in the world, a massive DDoS attack is trying to bring down critical infrastructure. Yet, the internet keeps humming along smoothly. How? The answer lies in one of the... Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-cloudflare-supports-55-million-requests-per-second/ https://singhajit.com/how-cloudflare-supports-55-million-requests-per-second/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from August 11-17, 2025 - This week delivered some truly seismic shifts in the developer world. From OpenAI’s latest model hitting your IDE to one of tech’s biggest leadership changes, here’s what kept us glued to our feeds: 🚀 GPT-5 lands in GitHub Copilot - 🌐 OpenAI’s most advanced reasoning model is now available in... Sun, 17 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/2025/08/17/dev-weekly-gpt5-github-ceo-ai-safety/ https://singhajit.com/2025/08/17/dev-weekly-gpt5-github-ceo-ai-safety/ Vary what something does and how it does it independently - You’re building a drawing application. You have shapes: Circle, Square, Triangle. Each shape can be rendered differently: SVG, Canvas, PDF. With inheritance, you’d need CircleSVG, CircleCanvas, CirclePDF, SquareSVG, SquareCanvas… that’s 9 classes for 3 shapes and 3 renderers. Bridge avoids this explosion by separating shape logic from rendering logic. What... Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/bridge/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/bridge/ Picture this. You’re standing outside Select City Walk in Saket, tired after shopping, and you open the Uber app. Tap the destination, hit “Book Ride”, and boom - within 3-4 seconds, you see “Driver is 2 minutes away” with his Maruti Dzire coming towards you on the map. What just... Sat, 16 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-uber-finds-nearby-drivers-1-million-requests-per-second/ https://singhajit.com/how-uber-finds-nearby-drivers-1-million-requests-per-second/ Your weekly dose of software development news, trends, and insights from August 4-10, 2025 - The week of August 4-10, 2025, delivered seismic shifts across the software development landscape. From OpenAI’s revolutionary GPT-5 launch to critical supply chain security threats, major cloud infrastructure updates, and significant language runtime improvements, this week had everything that defines our rapidly evolving industry. Here’s your essential guide to what... Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-gpt5-rubygems-security-python/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-gpt5-rubygems-security-python/ From panic to performance confidence – scripting, scaling, observing, and automating load tests with k6 - Your team just shipped a new personalization API. Marketing ran a campaign. Traffic spiked. Latency tripled. Dashboards lit up. Postmortem pain followed. The root cause wasn’t a missing feature – it was missing evidence. No baseline, no capacity model, no load profile, no automated performance guardrails. This week, you decide... Sun, 10 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/performance-testing-with-grafana-k6/ https://singhajit.com/performance-testing-with-grafana-k6/ The architecture decisions that made massive scale possible - WhatsApp served 900 million users with just 50 engineers. Read that again. Most companies would throw thousands of developers at that problem. WhatsApp did it with a team that could fit in a small office. This is not luck. It is the result of deliberate technical choices that most developers... Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/whatsapp-scaling-secrets/ https://singhajit.com/whatsapp-scaling-secrets/ Prompt engineering is a critical skill for software developers working with AI models like GPT. It involves crafting effective prompts to guide AI systems in generating accurate and relevant responses. Whether you’re building features, automating tasks, or exploring AI capabilities, understanding prompt engineering can significantly enhance your results. What is... Tue, 05 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/prompt-engineering-basics/ https://singhajit.com/prompt-engineering-basics/ Git is an indispensable tool for software developers, enabling version control, collaboration, and efficient workflows. While many developers rely on GUI tools, the command line offers unparalleled flexibility, speed, and control. In this post, we’ll explore the basics of Git command-line usage, essential commands, and why you should consider using... Mon, 04 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/git-command-line-basics/ https://singhajit.com/git-command-line-basics/ Imagine this: It’s 9 AM, your nightly scheduled CI/CD pipeline has failed again, and you’re scrolling through endless log files, hunting for that one elusive error message. Sound familiar? In my last assignment, this was our almost daily nightmare. With hundreds of pipelines running weekly, manual debugging was sucking the... Sun, 03 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/analyzing-pipeline-failures-with-gitlab-and-gpt/ https://singhajit.com/analyzing-pipeline-failures-with-gitlab-and-gpt/ Weekly Software Development News: July 28 – August 2, 2025 - This week saw AWS unveil a revolutionary AI-driven software methodology, developers celebrate Mistral’s open-source voice model, and cloud platforms roll out critical upgrades. Dive into the biggest headlines, platform updates, security alerts, and community news shaping the dev landscape. 🚨 Headlines AWS DevSphere 2025: AI-Driven Development Lifecycle: AWS introduces AI-DLC... Sat, 02 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-ai-dlc-ignites-voxtral-speaks-mass-layoffs/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-ai-dlc-ignites-voxtral-speaks-mass-layoffs/ Access elements sequentially without knowing the underlying structure - You have a playlist. Sometimes it’s stored as an array. Sometimes as a linked list. Sometimes in a database. The UI code shouldn’t care. It just needs to play songs one by one. Iterator lets you traverse any collection without knowing how it’s stored. What is the Iterator Pattern? Iterator... Sat, 02 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/iterator/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/iterator/ When working with multi-module Scala projects, there are scenarios where you need to exclude specific modules from the sbt test command. This could be due to long-running integration tests, modules with external dependencies, or simply modules that aren’t ready for automated testing yet. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore different... Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/exclude-single-module-sbt-test-scala/ https://singhajit.com/exclude-single-module-sbt-test-scala/ Weekly Software Development News: July 21-27, 2025 - It was an action-packed week for software development! GitHub’s longest outage in recent memory brought global dev work to a halt. Meanwhile, Python 3.14 RC1 smashed through the GIL bottleneck, Azure pushed pod scaling to a million, and critical security incidents kept cybersecurity teams on edge. Dive in for the... Tue, 29 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-github-goes-dark-python-breaks-free-azure-hits-1m-pods/ https://singhajit.com/dev-weekly-github-goes-dark-python-breaks-free-azure-hits-1m-pods/ Reduce chaotic dependencies by having objects communicate through a central hub - You’re building a chat application. Users can send messages, create groups, mention others, and see typing indicators. Every user component talks to every other. Adding a new feature means changing all components. Mediator centralizes this communication. Components talk to the mediator, not to each other. What is the Mediator Pattern?... Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/mediator/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/mediator/ Decouple senders from receivers by giving multiple objects a chance to handle requests - You’re building an HTTP server. Requests need authentication, logging, rate limiting, and validation before reaching your handlers. Each middleware should be independent and reorderable. Chain of Responsibility lets you build processing pipelines where each step can handle, modify, or reject requests. What is the Chain of Responsibility Pattern? Chain of... Sat, 05 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/chain-of-responsibility/ Build tree structures where clients don't distinguish between leaves and branches - You’re building a file system browser. Folders contain files and other folders. When you calculate folder size, you sum up file sizes and recursively add subfolder sizes. Delete a folder and you delete everything inside. The client shouldn’t care whether it’s dealing with a file or a folder. Both respond... Sat, 21 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/composite/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/composite/ Build consistent object families without specifying concrete classes - You’re building a cross-platform UI library. On Windows, buttons and text boxes look one way. On macOS, they look different. On Linux, different again. Every component in a platform must match the others. You can’t mix a Windows button with a macOS text box. They need to come from the... Sat, 07 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/abstract-factory/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/abstract-factory/ Use inheritance to vary parts of an algorithm - You’re building a data processing framework. Every processor reads data, transforms it, and writes output. The read/write steps are always the same. Only the transformation logic varies. Do you copy the boilerplate to each processor? Or do you define the skeleton once and let each processor fill in the blanks?... Sat, 17 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/template-method/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/template-method/ Replace conditional logic with polymorphic state objects - You’re building an order processing system. Orders can be Pending, Paid, Shipped, Delivered, or Cancelled. Each state has different rules: you can cancel a Pending order, but not a Shipped one. You can ship a Paid order, but not a Pending one. You could write a giant switch statement. Or... Sat, 03 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/state/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/state/ Queue, log, and undo operations by encapsulating them as objects - You’re building a text editor. Users type, delete, format text, and expect to undo any action. Some actions should be batched. All actions should be logged for recovery. How do you structure this? You turn each action into an object. What is the Command Pattern? Command encapsulates a request as... Sat, 19 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/command/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/command/ Add a layer of control without changing the original object - You have a high-resolution image gallery. Loading all images at startup takes 30 seconds. Users might only view a few images. Loading everything upfront wastes time and memory. What if images loaded only when displayed? That’s what a proxy does. What is the Proxy Pattern? Proxy provides a placeholder for... Sat, 05 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/proxy/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/proxy/ Hide complexity behind a simple, unified API - You’re integrating a video processing library. It has 47 classes for encoding, decoding, formats, codecs, filters, metadata, and streaming. Your application just needs to convert videos between formats. Do you expose all 47 classes to your code? Or do you create a simple VideoConverter that handles the common case? That’s... Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/facade/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/facade/ Connect components that weren't designed to connect - You’re integrating a new payment gateway. Your code expects a PaymentProcessor interface. The vendor’s SDK has a completely different API structure. You can’t modify the SDK, and you don’t want to rewrite your code. This is where Adapter shines. What is the Adapter Pattern? Adapter converts the interface of a... Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/adapter/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/adapter/ Create objects with many optional parameters without telescoping constructors - You’re building an HTTP request object. It needs URL, method, headers, body, timeout, retry policy, authentication, and maybe ten more options. Most are optional. Do you create a constructor with 15 parameters? Nobody can remember the order. Do you create 50 constructor overloads? That’s the telescoping constructor anti-pattern. Builder solves... Sat, 22 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/builder/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/builder/ Define a family of algorithms and make them interchangeable - You’re building a payment system. Credit cards need fraud checks. PayPal requires API authentication. Crypto payments involve blockchain verification. Bank transfers have different validation rules. You could write a giant if-else chain. Or you could use Strategy. What is the Strategy Pattern? Strategy defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each... Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/strategy/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/strategy/ Decouple object creation from the code that uses objects - You’re building a notification system. Today you send emails. Tomorrow you’ll add SMS. Next month, push notifications. Each notification type has different creation logic, but the code that sends notifications shouldn’t care about these details. This is where Factory Method shines. What is the Factory Method Pattern? Factory Method defines... Sat, 25 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/factory-method/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/factory-method/ Control object creation and share state across your application - You have a database connection pool. Every part of your application needs access to it. Creating new connections is expensive. You need exactly one pool, shared everywhere. This is what the Singleton pattern solves. What is the Singleton Pattern? Singleton is a creational pattern that restricts a class to a... Fri, 10 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/singleton/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/singleton/ CI/CD is a development practice that delivers software to the end user with speed and reliability. This is important for any kind of app be it web, mobile, console or desktop. In this post we will discuss how we can setup CI/CD for an Android Application using Github Actions. Before... Sun, 07 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-ci-cd-using-github-actions/ https://singhajit.com/android-ci-cd-using-github-actions/ I work in an agile team which follows extreme programming practices like pairing programming. But with pair programming comes the problem of switching pairs. Sometimes in big teams we do see that the individuals are not able to make the decision of with whom they should pair next. To overcome... Tue, 05 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/pairing-matrix-for-agile-teams/ https://singhajit.com/pairing-matrix-for-agile-teams/ This blog contains step by step instructions on how you can integrate GraphQL with Sitecore. Also how you can start using GraphQL for querying the sitecore data. Prerequisites: Working setup of Sitecore Sitecore certified developers account to download JSS package Once you have above prerequisites you can start following below... Thu, 29 Oct 2020 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/how-to-integrate-graphql-with-sitecore-using-jss/ https://singhajit.com/how-to-integrate-graphql-with-sitecore-using-jss/ Architecture, rendering pipeline, Dart compilation, and everything that happens between your code and pixels on screen - You write a few widgets in Dart, hit run, and your app shows up on both iOS and Android looking exactly the same. It feels like magic, but there is a lot happening between your code and those pixels on screen. Understanding how Flutter works internally makes you a better... Sun, 20 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/flutter-under-the-hood/ https://singhajit.com/flutter-under-the-hood/ The default interface of sidekiq allows you to see the number of processed and failed jobs with a morgue which has all the dead jobs. The interface is sufficient when you have few queues. But when you have more queues and the number of jobs in each queue is significant then... Sun, 07 Oct 2018 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/monitoring-individual-queue-in-sidekiq/ https://singhajit.com/monitoring-individual-queue-in-sidekiq/ If you have been using bundle exec to run any executable gem and tired of it then this post is for you. In this post I will show you the ways to avoid bundle exec command and run the executable directly instead. Why do we use bundle exec at all?... Sun, 20 May 2018 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/why-arent-you-using-binstubs-yet/ https://singhajit.com/why-arent-you-using-binstubs-yet/ I presented this talk in droid con London 2017. Here are the slides for download. You can also watch the entire talk on skillcasts. Agenda of the talk Why Offline mode? What it takes to build an offline mode Offline mode Architecture Network factors that can affect your application Testing... Sat, 28 Oct 2017 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/offline-mode-of-android-apps/ https://singhajit.com/offline-mode-of-android-apps/ I am very excited to be joining DroidConUK to share my learnings on Offline Mode of Android Apps. This talk is highly inspired by one of the client project that I worked on where the ask was to build an offline mode for their app. My talk will help those... Mon, 11 Sep 2017 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/my-upcoming-talk-in-droidconuk/ https://singhajit.com/my-upcoming-talk-in-droidconuk/ Its always a challenge for an app tester to report crashes to the developers. Because most of the time they don’t have enough info about the crash which can enable developers to start fixing the crash right away. Even if you are using Crashlytics, its hard to find the logs... Wed, 26 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/integrating-sherlock-with-android-apps-to-get-crash-reports/ https://singhajit.com/integrating-sherlock-with-android-apps-to-get-crash-reports/ Google introduced android awareness api in I/O 16. It offers a lot of awesome features which can make your android application better and improve the user experience. Awareness API is a combination of two APIs Fence API Snapshot API Fence API This API is an enhancement over geofencing. It can call a... Thu, 02 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-awareness-api/ https://singhajit.com/android-awareness-api/ We use a lot of java annotations in our day to day coding. Ever thought how these annotations works? How you can leverage their power by creating your own annotations? This article will explain how these java annotations works and how you can define your own java annotations. Some java... Sun, 22 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/java-custom-annotations/ https://singhajit.com/java-custom-annotations/ An agile team delivers their software as and when they are ready with a small feature or user feedback. This is achieved with the help of Continuous integration and Continuos Delivery. The idea is whenever you make any change to your software, there is a continuous integration environment that checks... Sun, 18 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/prevent-push-on-red-build-with-the-help-of-gocd-pre-push/ https://singhajit.com/prevent-push-on-red-build-with-the-help-of-gocd-pre-push/ Conway’s game of life is a zero players game. It is played on a rectangular grid where each box is know as cell. A Cell can be alive or dead depending on its neighbours or initial configuration of the grid. It only needs an initial configuration and then the cells on... Wed, 23 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/conways-game-of-life/ https://singhajit.com/conways-game-of-life/ There are a lot of applications in the play store that notifies you when your mobile goes offline. This article will help you understand how all that happens. How app knows that device is offline and notifies the user about the same by showing a notification on the screen. To... Thu, 27 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/notify-android-device-network-status-changes/ https://singhajit.com/notify-android-device-network-status-changes/ What is Observer Design Pattern? Observer design pattern is a software design pattern in which an Observable/Subject maintains a list of Observers/Subscribers and notifies them whenever its state changes. When to use Observer Design Pattern? The Observer design pattern can be used in the cases where multiple objects wants to... Wed, 12 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/observer/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/observer/ What Is Filter Design Pattern? Filter design pattern is used for building a criteria to filter items or objects dynamically. You can choose your own criteria and apply it on your objects to filter out the desired objects. When to use Filter Design Pattern? It’s easy to figure out when... Tue, 11 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/filter/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/filter/ What is GoCD? GoCD is a product built by ThoughtWorks to Automate and streamline your build-test-release cycle for reliable, continuous delivery of your product. You can read more about it here. Why this Gem? GoCD server provides some nice apis using which you can get the information about your builds, pipelines,... Sun, 02 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/ruby-gem-to-fetch-information-gocd-rich-models/ https://singhajit.com/ruby-gem-to-fetch-information-gocd-rich-models/ Hello friends, Recently I have tried android’s new library Android Data Binding. My experience with data binding has been really good and I would like others to try it out too. It takes very less to integrate android data binding in your existing code. You don’t need to download any... Mon, 06 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-data-binding/ https://singhajit.com/android-data-binding/ Hello Folks, Recently I have been writing around Android UI Styling and Design. This is my yet another article on Android UI styling. In this article I will cover how we can create custom animations using pure xml tags. Here is my github repo which contains all the code related... Sat, 16 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-custom-animations/ https://singhajit.com/android-custom-animations/ This problem has troubled me a lot before I found the solution to it. And no forum provided the right solution for it, hence this post. You can go through the rvm issue thread for more details about the issue. Why this occurs? This problem occurs when you have multiple... Fri, 15 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/shell_session_update-command-not-found/ https://singhajit.com/shell_session_update-command-not-found/ Learn how to create draggable views and floating buttons in Android with touch handling, drag and drop framework, and best practices - You want to add a floating button that users can drag around the screen. Or maybe you need a draggable card that moves smoothly with the user’s finger. This is a common pattern in Android apps, from chat heads to floating action buttons to custom drag and drop interfaces. The... Sat, 02 Apr 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-draggable-view/ https://singhajit.com/android-draggable-view/ Hello friends, Recently I have been doing some Android UI Design And Styling training sessions. So I thought to share it with the wider audience. And here I am with my first android ui design and styling tutorial. I will be writing more on the same topic. So, Lets get... Sat, 12 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/tutorial-1-android-ui-desgin-and-styling/ https://singhajit.com/tutorial-1-android-ui-desgin-and-styling/ Hello Folks, there are situations when you need to revert all the commits of a feature without checking out an earlier commit. This allows you to retain changes made for other features while isolating the problematic ones. In this blog, we’ll explore multiple ways to revert commits efficiently using Git... Thu, 11 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/git-revert-multiple-commits/ https://singhajit.com/git-revert-multiple-commits/ Hello Friends, here I am with another cool ruby gem apkToJava which will help you to improve your productivity while working on android project. This gem can convert apk file to java code and open it in a friendly GUI. Steps followed to convert apk file to java code Convert... Sun, 31 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/convert-apk-file-to-java-code/ https://singhajit.com/convert-apk-file-to-java-code/ Android padding vs margin is a very frequently asked question. Most of the beginners miss understand it. So here is a little help from my side. The idea behind android margin and padding is very similar to CSS margin and padding. Let’s understand it with examples. Margin Margin is a... Mon, 18 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-padding-vs-margin/ https://singhajit.com/android-padding-vs-margin/ This article covers the basic Android UI which every android developer should know. Here we will discuss what are the basic android UI building blocks and how they can be used. With a little attention you can master the basics of android UI design. I have created a demo application... Sun, 06 Dec 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-ui-for-beginners/ https://singhajit.com/android-ui-for-beginners/ What Is Decorator Pattern? Decorator design pattern is a pattern which modifies the functionality of an object. In other words it gives different flavours to an object without using inheritance. You might think why not use inheritance if you are talking about flavours? Well, yes these are flavours but the... Fri, 30 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/decorator/ https://singhajit.com/design-patterns/decorator/ There has been a lot of confusion when it comes to Junit Rules. People hardly use it or avoid using it without knowing its essence. This article will cover the power of junit rules and how to implement them. Also we will see whats the benefits of using junit rules... Mon, 26 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/junit-rules/ https://singhajit.com/junit-rules/ Every step from source code to a running app on your phone, explained for developers - You write your Kotlin code, hit the Run button in Android Studio, and a few seconds later your app is running on your phone. But what actually happens in between? There is a whole pipeline of tools that compile, transform, package, and sign your code before it becomes an installable... Tue, 20 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-build-process/ https://singhajit.com/android-build-process/ Rotating the android device changes the device configuration. Android replaces the current resources with the best suited resources for that screen orientation. Thats why when we add a resource in android we add different versions of that resource. For example an image can be added in four formats(hdpi, mdpi, xhdpi, xxhdpi). The... Wed, 14 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/what-happens-when-android-screen-rotates/ https://singhajit.com/what-happens-when-android-screen-rotates/ We have been using monkey patching since we had exposure to it. Now the question is ruby monkey patching is it good or bad?.  Before answering the question lets understand what monkey patching is. What is Ruby monkey patching? When we see an opportunity to move a util method to one of... Sun, 11 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/is-ruby-monkey-patching-evil/ https://singhajit.com/is-ruby-monkey-patching-evil/ Hello Folks, This is my second article on Android Instrumentation testing. My previous instrumentation testing article was about testing a list view with core instrumentation (without any external library or framework). In this I am going to discuss the Espresso framework which I use for android instrumentation testing. I have also recored... Tue, 06 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-instrumentation-testing-using-espresso/ https://singhajit.com/android-instrumentation-testing-using-espresso/ Hello folks, In this article I want to discuss how to test android database. Android database can be tested easily using Instrumentation tests. If you are writing the instrumentation test for the first time then there are few things that you need to setup before getting started with the testing... Mon, 28 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/testing-android-database/ https://singhajit.com/testing-android-database/ Hello Folks, In this article we will discuss what is MVP in android and how we can use it to make our code better organised and unit/integration tested (video series on android instrumentation testing). There are mainly three components involved in MVP pattern Model, View and Presenter. Lets discuss about... Sun, 20 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/mvp-in-android/ https://singhajit.com/mvp-in-android/ Hello Folks, In this post I will be showing how we can create gradient color in android and use it as a background. To create a gradient color we need to create an .xml file in the drawable directory. Below is the directory structure where you should put your .xml... Wed, 09 Sep 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/gradient-color-in-android/ https://singhajit.com/gradient-color-in-android/ A few months back I was working on a project which had a SOA(Service Oriented Architecture). Which means I had to start 4 to 5 services from different directories to start my workflow. And it was important to monitor the logs as well. For a few days I just executed... Sun, 16 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/tool-to-execute-commands-in-multiple-directories/ https://singhajit.com/tool-to-execute-commands-in-multiple-directories/ A few months back I was wondering how much big/difficult task it is to write a  new programming language from scratch. Then I thought I would never know if I don’t write one by myself. Thats when I started reading about compilers, how it works and what are the phases involved... Fri, 14 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/writing-a-new-programming-language/ https://singhajit.com/writing-a-new-programming-language/ Wanna have fun while coding? then this post is for you! I wrote this tool called amusing_git which prints jokes when you run specific git commands. e.g when you push or pull the code from github repo, you will see some hilarious messages. Another good thing about this tool is... Wed, 05 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/print-custom-messages-after-executing-git-commands/ https://singhajit.com/print-custom-messages-after-executing-git-commands/ Hello Folks, I have been using vim for about 2 years now. And it is my primary editor when it comes to editing text or coding(other than java ;) ). Since I have been exploring vim for 2 years, I have learned some cool tips which vim users can use.... Sun, 02 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/cool-tips-for-vim-users/ https://singhajit.com/cool-tips-for-vim-users/ Hello Folks, In this tutorial we will discuss how we can schedule local notification in android. Its a super easy job and involves few android components. I have created a demo project for this tutorial you can find it on github. Components involved to schedule local notification in android BroadCastReceiver... Sat, 01 Aug 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/schedule-local-notification-in-android/ https://singhajit.com/schedule-local-notification-in-android/ Hi Guys, Here I am again with a new gem called FancyAudio. Any guesses what this gem might do or how to use it. Let me explain it for you. I am one of those people who likes their mp3 files to be beautiful and clean so that I can identify... Sun, 19 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/add-album-cover-to-mp3-file/ https://singhajit.com/add-album-cover-to-mp3-file/ This gem is  written with the intention of converting any kind of file into encoded string or vice versa. The code is available on github. Possible use cases: Store an image in database Store a video in database Store an audio in database(In short you can store *.* file in... Sun, 12 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/mediamagic-convert-any-media-file-into-encoded-string-or-vice-versa/ https://singhajit.com/mediamagic-convert-any-media-file-into-encoded-string-or-vice-versa/ What is Closure? A closure is a function or a method or a block in case of ruby which has an environment/scope of its own and that environment/scope can have local variables, bindings which can be used at the place where that function is getting executed. What is closure in ruby? In... Thu, 09 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/closure-in-ruby/ https://singhajit.com/closure-in-ruby/ This article will cover how to use sqlite database with android. For this article I have created a demo application which is available on my github account. The app just has a list view which contains a list of products with its price. We will fetch the products from sqlite... Sat, 04 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/android-with-sqlite-database/ https://singhajit.com/android-with-sqlite-database/ This article will explain about how we can configure vim for basic features like syntax highlighting, enabling numbers etc. To enable basic features of vim you need to make some configuration changes. If you are looking for a tutorial of vim then read this article. or if you are looking... Thu, 02 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/basic-configuration-of-vim/ https://singhajit.com/basic-configuration-of-vim/ During bundle install, a lot of time we use to get following error because of nokogiri gem. This error generally occur on MAC OSX. There are few other gems as well which throw the same error like pg, rmagic etc. But the way we resolve this problem is same for most... Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/nokogiri-error-failed-to-build-gem-native-extension-on-mac/ https://singhajit.com/nokogiri-error-failed-to-build-gem-native-extension-on-mac/ This article will cover how cucumber and calabash can be used for android testing. Code used in this post can be found on github using following urls. Android App Functional Test Step The app which we are going to test has only two screens. Item List Screen - Default screen... Sun, 28 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/cucumber-and-calabash-for-android-app-testing/ https://singhajit.com/cucumber-and-calabash-for-android-app-testing/ This article covers all the basic modes of vim. commands or mappings supported in each mode and what commands we can use to jump between them. Or if you are looking for a well configured vim you can visit my github repo here. There are mainly three modes in vim Normal mode Insert... Sat, 27 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/vim-modes-normal-insert-and-visual/ https://singhajit.com/vim-modes-normal-insert-and-visual/ This article is about setting up automation environment using cucumber and capybara from scratch with minimal configuration and the code. For this tutorial I have created a sample project and code for that is available here on github. We will start from nothing and build eventually. So lets start Directory structure for cucumber:... Thu, 25 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/set-up-automation-environment-using-cucumber-and-capybara/ https://singhajit.com/set-up-automation-environment-using-cucumber-and-capybara/ In this post we will learn how to write simple instrumentation test. We will be testing an app which has a listView. We will test that list has items in it and on clicking on an item it goes to item’s detail page. For this post I have created a demo application... Wed, 24 Jun 2015 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/instrumentation-testing-of-listview/ https://singhajit.com/instrumentation-testing-of-listview/ Command Query Responsibility Segregation through visual components - @Ajit5ingh CQRS Design Pattern Command Query Responsibility Segregation What is CQRS? Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) is an architectural pattern that separates read and write operations for data stores. Instead of using one model for both reading and writing data, CQRS uses separate models for each operation. Command Side Handles... Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/cqrs-design-pattern/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/cqrs-design-pattern/ Master HTTP requests, API testing, and file downloads with practical cURL examples - @Ajit5ingh cURL Commands Essential HTTP client commands every developer should know What is cURL? cURL is a command-line tool for making HTTP requests. Think of it as your browser's developer tools, but for the terminal. It lets you send requests, download files, and test APIs without opening a browser. Basic... Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/curl-commands/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/curl-commands/ The database performance killer - @Ajit5ingh N+1 Query Problem The database performance killer every developer should know What is the N+1 Query Problem? The N+1 query problem happens when your code executes 1 query to get N records, then N additional queries to get related data for each record. Instead of 1 query, you end... Tue, 16 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/n-plus-one-query-problem/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/n-plus-one-query-problem/ Deploy safely without downtime - @Ajit5ingh Blue-Green vs Canary Two powerful deployment strategies for zero downtime What are Blue-Green and Canary Deployments? Both are deployment strategies that help you release software updates without downtime. Blue-Green switches all traffic instantly between two identical environments. Canary gradually rolls out changes to a small percentage of users first.... Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/blue-green-vs-canary-deployment/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/blue-green-vs-canary-deployment/ Real-time communication between browser and server - @Ajit5ingh WebSockets Explained Real-time communication between browser and server What are WebSockets? WebSocket is a communication protocol that creates a persistent, two-way connection between your browser and a server. Unlike regular web requests that open and close connections, WebSockets keep the connection open so data can flow back and forth... Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/websockets-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/websockets-explained/ Understanding CPU and Memory notation in K8s - @Ajit5ingh Kubernetes Resource Units CPU and Memory notation demystified What are Resource Units? When you set cpu: "500m" or memory: "128Mi" in Kubernetes, you're using resource units to tell the cluster how much CPU and memory your containers need. Understanding these units is critical for proper resource allocation and avoiding... Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/kubernetes-resource-units/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/kubernetes-resource-units/ Keeping your cache in sync with your database - @Ajit5ingh Change Data Capture (CDC) Keeping your cache in sync with your database What is CDC? Change Data Capture (CDC) is a way to track changes in your database and automatically update other systems - like your cache, search index, or analytics warehouse. Instead of constantly asking "did anything change?",... Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/change-data-capture/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/change-data-capture/ Understanding how databases organize data - @Ajit5ingh Row vs Column Store How databases organize data under the hood What's the Difference? Databases store data on disk in one of two ways: row-oriented (traditional) or column-oriented. Row stores keep all data for a record together, while column stores group data by columns. This simple difference changes everything... Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/row-vs-column-store/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/row-vs-column-store/ How services find each other in distributed systems - @Ajit5ingh Service Discovery How services find each other in distributed systems What is Service Discovery? Service Discovery is how services in a distributed system automatically find and talk to each other. Instead of hardcoding addresses like "call the payment service at 192.168.1.5:8080", services ask a registry "where's the payment service?"... Mon, 27 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/service-discovery/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/service-discovery/ Managing communication between microservices - @Ajit5ingh Service Mesh Managing communication between microservices What is a Service Mesh? A service mesh is a layer that sits between your microservices and handles all the communication between them. Instead of each service managing its own retries, timeouts, security, and monitoring, the mesh does it for you. Think of... Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/service-mesh-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/service-mesh-explained/ Understanding A, CNAME, MX, TXT, and other DNS record types - @Ajit5ingh DNS Records Explained Understanding A, CNAME, MX, TXT, and other DNS record types What are DNS Records? DNS records are like entries in a phone book for the internet. When you type "google.com" into your browser, DNS records tell your computer where to actually go - what IP address... Wed, 05 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/dns-records-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/dns-records-explained/ Passwordless login that actually works - @Ajit5ingh Passkeys Passwordless login that actually works What are Passkeys? A passkey is a new way to log in without typing a password. Instead of remembering complex passwords, you just use your fingerprint, face, or PIN the same way you unlock your phone. It's faster, safer, and way easier than... Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/passkeys-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/passkeys-explained/ Giving AI models long-term memory - @Ajit5ingh Vector Databases & RAG Giving AI models long-term memory What are Vector Databases and RAG? A vector database stores your data in a format AI models can search through quickly. RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) is when an AI finds relevant info from that database before answering your question. Together,... Mon, 10 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/vector-databases-and-rag/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/vector-databases-and-rag/ Measuring and promising service reliability - @Ajit5ingh SLI, SLO & SLA Measuring and promising service reliability What are SLI, SLO, and SLA? These are three related ways to think about service reliability. SLI (Service Level Indicator) is what you measure, SLO (Service Level Objective) is your target goal, and SLA (Service Level Agreement) is the promise... Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/sli-slo-sla-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/sli-slo-sla-explained/ Two different ways to handle multiple tasks - @Ajit5ingh Concurrency vs Parallelism Two different ways to handle multiple tasks What's the Difference? Concurrency is about managing multiple tasks at once by switching between them. Parallelism is about actually doing multiple tasks at the same time. They sound similar but work differently and solve different problems. Think of it... Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/concurrency-vs-parallelism/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/concurrency-vs-parallelism/ Understanding the Linux file system layout - @Ajit5ingh Linux Directory Structure Understanding the Linux file system layout What is the Linux Directory Structure? In Linux, everything starts from / (called root). It's the top of the file system tree, and all other directories branch out from there. Unlike Windows with C:, D:, E: drives, Linux has one... Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/linux-directory-structure/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/linux-directory-structure/ Connecting AI assistants to your tools and data - @Ajit5ingh MCP Explained Connecting AI assistants to your tools and data What is MCP? Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a standard way for AI assistants to connect with external tools and data sources. Instead of the AI being stuck with just what it knows, MCP lets it talk to databases,... Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/mcp-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/mcp-explained/ Generating unique IDs in distributed systems - @Ajit5ingh Snowflake IDs Generating unique IDs in distributed systems What are Snowflake IDs? Snowflake IDs are 64-bit unique identifiers designed for distributed systems. Instead of asking a central database "what's the next ID?", each server can generate its own IDs independently - and they're guaranteed to be unique. Twitter created... Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/snowflake-ids-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/snowflake-ids-explained/ Schedule tasks to run automatically on Linux - @Ajit5ingh Cron Jobs Explained Schedule tasks to run automatically on Linux What is a Cron Job? A cron job is a scheduled task that runs automatically at specific times on Linux and Unix systems. Want to back up your database every night at 2 AM? Or clear temp files every... Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/cron-jobs-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/cron-jobs-explained/ Pattern matching made simple - @Ajit5ingh Regular Expressions Explained Pattern matching made simple What is a Regular Expression? A regular expression (regex) is a pattern you use to find text. Instead of searching for exact words, you describe what you're looking for. Want to find all email addresses in a document? All phone numbers? All... Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/regex-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/regex-explained/ The security flaw no one knows about - @Ajit5ingh Zero-Day Vulnerability The security flaw no one knows about What is a Zero-Day? A zero-day vulnerability is a security hole in software that the people who made it don't know about yet. Attackers can exploit this flaw before anyone can fix it. The name comes from the fact that... Sun, 25 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/zero-day-vulnerability/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/zero-day-vulnerability/ The 6-field cron format used in Java and Spring Boot - @Ajit5ingh Quartz Cron Expressions The 6-field cron format used in Java and Spring Boot What is a Quartz Cron Expression? If you've used standard cron, Quartz cron is the same idea but with a few extras. It's the scheduling format used in Java Quartz Scheduler and Spring Boot. The big... Sat, 14 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/quartz-cron-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/quartz-cron-explained/ How read, write, and execute permissions work in Linux - @Ajit5ingh Linux File Permissions Explained How read, write, and execute permissions work in Linux What are File Permissions? Every file and directory in Linux has permissions that control who can do what with it. There are three things you can do with a file: read it, write to it, or... Sun, 22 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://singhajit.com/explainer/linux-file-permissions-explained/ https://singhajit.com/explainer/linux-file-permissions-explained/